Electrooptic device, manufacturing method therefor with visual confirmation of compression bonding to terminals and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

A liquid crystal device having high reliability and permitting recognition of a connection state using ACF, and an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal device, in which a pair of substrates  11   a  and  11   b  having electrodes  15   a  and  15   b  formed on the opposite surfaces thereof are opposed to each other, an overhang portion  30  is provided on the substrate  11   a  to project outward from the substrate  11   b , terminals  31  are formed on the overhang portion  30  to extend from the electrodes  15   a , and output terminals  25   a  of an external circuit are electrically connected to the terminals  31  through AFC  32  so that conductive particles  32   b  contained in the AFC  32  cut into the terminals  31  to form nicks or gouges which are visible through the transparent substrate  11   a.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an electrooptic device, for example, such as a liquid crystal device, an EL (electroluminescence) display device, PDP (plasma display panel), or the like. The present invention also relates to an electronic apparatus comprising the electrooptic device.

BACKGROUND ART

At present, an electrooptic device for displaying information such as characters, figures, patterns, etc. is widely used in an electronic apparatus such as a portable telephone, a personal digital assistant, and the like.

In a liquid crystal device as an example of such electrooptic devices, for example, scanning electrodes formed on one of substrates and selective (data) electrodes formed on the other substrate are crossed each other at a plurality of points in a dot matrix to form a plurality of pixels. A liquid crystal is sealed between both substrates so that light passing through the liquid crystal in each of the pixels is modulated by selectively changing the voltage applied to each of the pixels to display an image such as a character or the like. A so-called reflective or transflective liquid crystal device uses a metal which is also used as a reflecting plate as a material for the scanning electrodes or the selective electrodes, and particularly aluminum is selected as a preferred material for the electrode material.

On the other hand, in the electrooptic device, in order to secure a portion of connection with electrooptic device driving IC, or an external circuit additionally connected to another electrooptic panel, the scanning electrodes or the selective electrodes are extended to the end of one of the substrates to secure connecting terminals for securing connection with the external circuit. Also a thermal compression bonding method using ACF (anisotropic conductive film) is known as the method of connecting the connecting terminals of the electrooptic panel with the external circuit.

However, in using aluminum for the scanning electrodes or the selective electrodes, the connecting terminals are made of aluminum, and thus the quality of connection mounting in the connecting step using ACF cannot be easily recognized, thereby causing the problem of failing to secure the reliability of the electrooptic device.

Namely, with the connecting terminals comprising transparent electrodes made of ITO or the like, the state of ACF can be easily observed from the back of one of the substrates, and a decision can relatively easily be made as to whether or not the connection state is good. However, with the connecting terminals made of aluminum, the connecting terminals are opaque, and the state of ACF cannot be easily observed from the back of the substrate.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrooptic device permitting recognition of a connection state using ACF and having high reliability, and an electronic apparatus comprising the electrooptic device.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

As means for achieving the object of the present invention, an electrooptic device of the present invention comprises a transparent substrate and a counter substrate opposed to each other and comprising electrodes formed on the opposed surfaces thereof, an overhang portion provided on the transparent substrate to overhang outward from the counter substrate, connecting terminals made of aluminum and formed on the overhang portion to be electrically connected to the electrodes, a connection portion of an external circuit electrically connected to the connecting terminals through an anisotropic conductive film, wherein nicks or gouges formed by conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film and cutting into the connecting terminals are visible through the transparent substrate.

In the electrooptic device, the nicks or gouges formed by the conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film and cutting into the connecting terminals are visible through the transparent substrate, and thus the connecting terminals can be observed through transparent electrodes after the connection portion of the external circuit is connected to the connecting terminals in the manufacturing process to permit a decision as to whether or not the connection state is normal.

The connecting terminals may be formed to a thickness of 0.01 to 0.5 μm.

In this case, the connection state between the connection portion of the external circuit and the connecting terminals can be improved, and the nicks or gouges can easily be observed.

The penetration amount of the nicks or gouges may be 0.01 μm or more.

In this case, the connection state between the connection portion of the external circuit and the connecting terminals can be improved, and the nicks or gouges can easily be observed.

In the area of the nicks or gouges, the connecting terminals may have a thickness of 0.5 μm or less.

In this case, the nicks or gouges can easily be observed.

The electrooptic device may be used as a liquid crystal device.

The method of manufacturing an electrooptic device of the present invention comprising a transparent substrate and a counter substrate opposed to each other and comprising electrodes formed on the opposed surfaces thereof, an overhang portion provided on the transparent substrate to overhang outward from the counter substrate, connecting terminals made of aluminum and formed on the overhang portion to be electrically connected to the electrodes, and a connection portion of an external circuit electrically connected to the connecting terminals through an anisotropic conductive film, the method comprising the step of heating the anisotropic conductive film and compression-bonding the connecting terminals and the connection portion of the external circuit to electrically connect the connecting terminals to the connection portion of the external circuit, and the step of deciding the connection state between the connecting terminals and the connection portion of the external circuit based on the presence of nicks or gouges formed by the conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film and cutting into the connecting terminals.

In the method of manufacturing the electrooptic device, the connection state between the connecting terminals and the connection portion of the external circuit is decided based on the presence of the nicks or gouges formed by the conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film and butting into the connecting terminals, and the connection state between the connecting terminals and the external circuit can easily and securely be decided.

An electronic apparatus of the present invention comprises the electrooptic device as the above-described means.

In the electronic apparatus, the nicks or gouges formed by the conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film and butting into the connecting terminals are visible through the transparent substrate, and thus the connecting terminals can be observed through transparent electrodes after the connection portion of the external circuit is connected to the connecting terminals in the manufacturing process to permit a decision as to whether or not the connection state is normal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a liquid crystal device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the liquid crystal device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view a case in which in the liquid crystal device of the first embodiment, heat or pressure applied by a thermal compression bonding head is insufficient.

FIG. 4 is a partially cut away plan view showing a liquid crystal device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V—V in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI—VI in FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a drawing showing a connection between bumps of liquid crystal driving IC and an aluminum electrode, in which FIG. 7(a) is a sectional view showing a state in which a good connection state is obtained, and FIG. 7(b) is a drawing showing a case in which heat or pressure applied by a heating compression bonding head is insufficient.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION First Embodiment

A liquid crystal device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described as an example of electrooptic devices of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a liquid crystal device of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the connection between a liquid crystal panel 1 and a mounting structure 2 (external circuit). As shown in FIG. 1, a liquid crystal device 100 comprises the liquid crystal panel 1 for displaying information, and the mounting structure 2 connected to the liquid crystal panel 1. If required, an illumination device such as a back light, or the like, and other additional devices (not shown) are mounted to the liquid crystal panel 1.

The liquid crystal panel 1 comprises a pair of substrates 11 a and 11 b made of a light transmitting material such as glass, a synthetic resin, or the like. The substrates 11 a and 11 b are bonded together by using a sealing material 12 arranged in the peripheries of both substrates, and a liquid crystal is sealed in the space, i.e., the cell gap, formed between the substrates 11 a and 11 b in the region surrounded by the sealing material 12. Furthermore, polarizers 14 a and 14 b are bonded to the outer surfaces of the substrates 11 a and 11 b, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of aluminum electrodes 15 a are formed in a stripe shape on the inner surface of the substrate 11 a, and a plurality of transparent electrodes 15 b are formed in a stripe shape on the inner surface of the substrate 11 b. The length directions of the aluminum electrodes 15 a and the transparent electrodes 15 b are perpendicular to each other, and pixels are respectively formed at the intersections of the aluminum electrodes 15 a and the transparent electrodes 15 b. Therefore, many pixels are arranged in a dot matrix on the liquid crystal panel 1. The transparent electrodes 15 b are made of a light transmitting material, for example, such as ITO (Indium Tin oxide; indium tin compound) or the like.

Also, electrodes having a character, a figurer, or another appropriate pattern may be formed on the inner surface of each of the substrates in place of the stripe-shaped aluminum electrodes 15 a or transparent electrodes 15 b.

The thickness of the aluminum electrodes 15 a is preferably about 0.01 to 0.5 μm. With the aluminum electrodes 15 a having a thickness less than the above range, sufficient conductivity cannot be secured, while with a thickness over the above range, nicks or gouges, which will be described below, cannot be easily observed.

As shown in FIG. 2, an overcoat layer 16 a which is an inorganic film is provided on the aluminum electrodes 15 a (below the aluminum electrodes 15 a in FIG. 2) of the substrate 11 a to cover the entire display region where the pixels are arranged. Furthermore, an alignment film 17 a made of, for example, a polyimide resin is provided on the overcoat layer 16 a to cover the entire display region.

Also, an overcoat layer 16 b which is an inorganic film is provided on the transparent electrodes 15 b (on the transparent electrodes 15 b in FIG. 2) of the substrate 11 b to cover the entire display region where the pixels are arranged. Furthermore, an alignment film 17 b made of, for example, a polyimide resin is provided on the overcoat layer 16 b to cover the entire display region.

As shown in FIG. 2, the substrate 11 a comprises an overhang portion 30 projecting leftward from the left end of the substrate 11 b shown in FIG. 2. The overhang portion 30 comprises a plurality of terminals 31 (connecting terminals) which are formed by extending the aluminum electrodes 15 a to the end of the substrate 11 a. As shown in FIG. 2, the regions of the aluminum electrodes 15 a, on which the overcoat layer 16 a and the alignment film 17 a are not formed, and which are exposed to the inside of the substrate 11 a, function as the terminals 31.

As shown in FIG. 1, the mounting structure 2 comprises a wiring substrate 21, liquid crystal driving IC 22 mounted on the wiring substrate 21, and chip components 23 mounted on the wiring substrate 21.

The wiring substrate 21 is formed by forming a wiring pattern 25 of Cu or the like on a flexible base substrate 24 of polyimide or the like. The wiring pattern 25 may be fixed to the base substrate 24 with an adhesive layer, or fixed directly on the base substrate 24 by a deposition method such as a sputtering method, a roll coating method, or the like. The wiring substrate 21 can also be produced by forming the wiring pattern of Cu or the like on a relatively hard and thick substrate such as an epoxy substrate.

Mounted components are mounted on a flexible substrate used as the wiring substrate 21 to form a COF (Chip On Film) system mounting structure, while mounted components are mounted on a hard substrate used as the wiring substrate 21 to form a COB (Chip On Board) system mounting structure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wiring pattern 25 comprises a plurality of output terminals 25 a (connection portion of an external circuit) formed on one end side of the wiring substrate 21, a plurality of input terminals 25 b formed on the other end side of the wiring substrate 21, and a plurality of IC terminals 25 c provided in a region to which the liquid crystal driving IC 22 is mounted.

The liquid crystal IC 22 comprises a plurality of bumps 22 a provided on the connection surface, i.e., the active surface, each of the bumps 22 a being electrically connected to the predetermined IC terminals 25 c through ACF (anisotropic conductive film) 26. The chip components 23 are mounted at the predetermined positions on the wiring substrate 21 by soldering. Possible examples of the chip components 23 include active components such as a capacitor, a resistor, and the like, electronic elements such as a connector, and the like.

The mounting structure 2 is connected to the terminals 31 formed on the overhang portion 30 of the substrate 11 a through the ACF 32. As shown in FIG. 2, the ACF 32 comprises an adhesive resin 32 a and conductive particles 32 b mixed in the adhesive resin 32 a so that the end of the mounting structure 2 where the output terminals 25 a are formed is bonded to the overhang portion 30 of the 11 a with the adhesive resin 32 a. Also, the terminals 31 and the output terminals 25 a opposed to each other are electrically connected through the conductive particles 32 b held between the mounting structure 2 and the substrate 11 a. As shown in FIG. 2, the space formed between the base substrate 24 and the substrate 11 b is sealed with a resin molding material 34.

In connecting the mounting structure 2 to the terminals 31, a thermal compression bonding head is pressed on the mounting structure 2 to apply heat and pressure thereto with the output terminals 25 a of the mounting structure 2 placed on the terminals 31 through the ACF 32. As a result, the adhesive resin 32 a of the ACF is melted to spread from the position slightly deviating from the left end of the substrate 11 a to the left to the position slightly deviating from the right end of the base substrate 24 to the right, as shown in FIG. 2. The thermal compression bonding head is removed to naturally cool the ACF 32, solidifying the adhesive resin 32 a in the state wherein the output terminals 25 a are electrically connected to the terminals 31 through the conductive particles 32 b.

Although, in the first embodiment, the terminals 31 are made of aluminum, the connection state can be observed through the substrate 11 a from the above of FIG. 2 because the terminals 31 have a relatively small thickness. Namely, with sufficient heat and pressure supplied by the thermal compression bonding head, the conductive particles 32 b are pressed on the terminals 31 to cut into the terminals 31, as shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the thickness of the portions of the terminals 31 where the conductive particles 32 cut into the terminals 31 is decreased to increase the light transmittance as compared with the other portions. Therefore, by observing the terminals 31 through the substrate 11 a under an optical microscope, the portions where the conductive particles 32 b cut into the terminals 31 can be recognized as the nicks or gouges. In this case, the conductive particles 32 b are preferably made of a harder material than an aluminum film.

On the other hand, with insufficient heat or pressure supplied by the thermal compression bonding head, the conductive particles 32 b do not cut into the terminals 31, as shown in FIG. 3, thereby failing to obtain a stable connection state between the terminals 31 and the output terminals 25 a. In this case, the above-described nicks or gouges are not observed, and thus the terminals 31 can be observed through the substrate 11 a to decide whether or not the connection state is normal after the mounting structure 2 is connected to the liquid crystal panel 1 in the manufacturing process.

Second Embodiment

A liquid crystal device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described as an example of electrooptic devices of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7. In the second embodiment, the liquid crystal device of the present invention is applied to a COG (Chip On Glass) system device.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the arrangement relation of elements of a liquid crystal panel used in the liquid crystal device of the second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V—V of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI—VI of FIG. 4.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, a liquid crystal device 101 comprises a pair of substrates 111 a and 111 b made of a light transmitting material such as glass, a synthetic resin, or the like. The substrates 111 a and 111 b are bonded together by using a sealing material 112 arranged in the peripheries of both substrates, and a liquid crystal is sealed in the space, i.e., the cell gap, formed between the substrates 111 a and 111 b in the region surrounded by the sealing material 112. Furthermore, polarizers 114 a and 114 b are bonded to the outer surfaces of the substrates 111 a and 111 b, respectively.

A plurality of aluminum electrodes 115 a are formed in a stripe shape on the inner surface of the substrate 111 a, and a plurality of transparent electrodes 115 b are formed in a stripe shape on the inner surface of the substrate 111 b. The length directions of the aluminum electrodes 115 a and the transparent electrodes 115 b are perpendicular to each other, and pixels are respectively formed at the intersections of the aluminum electrodes 115 a and the transparent electrodes 115 b. Therefore, many pixels are arranged in a dot matrix on the liquid crystal panel 101. The transparent electrodes 115 b are made of a light transmitting material, for example, such as ITO (Indium Tin oxide; indium tin compound) or the like.

Also, electrodes having a character, a figurer, another appropriate pattern may be formed on the inner surface of each of the substrates in place of the stripe-shaped aluminum electrodes 115 a or transparent electrodes 115 b.

The thickness of the aluminum electrodes 115 a is preferably about 0.01 to 0.5 μm. With the aluminum electrodes 115 a having a thickness less than the above range, sufficient conductivity cannot be secured, while with a thickness over the above range, the nicks or gouges, which will be described below, cannot be easily observed.

As shown in FIG. 4, the substrate 11 a comprises an overhang portion 130 projecting leftward from the substrate 111 b opposed to the substrate 111 a shown in FIG. 4. An overcoat layer 116 a, which is an inorganic film, is provided on the aluminum electrodes 115 a (above the aluminum electrodes 115 a in FIG. 5) of the substrate 111 a in a region ranging from the display region E of the substrate 111 a to the overhang portion 130. Furthermore, an alignment film 117 a made of, for example, a polyimide resin is provided on the overcoat layer 116 a to cover the entire display region E of the substrate 111 a.

Also, an overcoat layer 116 b, which is an inorganic film, is provided on the transparent electrodes 115 b (below the transparent electrodes 115 b in FIG. 5) of the substrate 111 b to cover the entire display region E. Furthermore, an alignment film 117 b made of, for example, a polyimide resin is provided on the overcoat layer 116 b to cover the entire display region E.

In the overhang portion 130, liquid crystal driving IC 122 (external circuit) is mounted, and aluminum electrodes 115 a extending from the display region E are formed to serve as connecting terminals connected to the liquid crystal driving IC 122. The aluminum electrodes 115 a are connected to the liquid crystal deriving IC 122. In the overhang portion 130, aluminum electrodes 115 c are further formed for connecting the display region E and the liquid crystal driving IC 122. The aluminum electrodes 115 c partly serve as connecting terminals connected to the liquid crystal driving IC 122. The aluminum electrodes 115 c are connected to the transparent electrodes 115 b of the substrate 111 b with the sealing material 112. This connection structure will be described later. The overhang portion 130 further comprises a plurality of input terminals 118 which are provided at the end thereof (the upper end shown in FIG. 4) for connecting the external circuit. The input terminals 118 are partly connected as connecting terminals to the liquid crystal driving IC 122.

In the region denoted by character “A” in FIG. 4, a structure is formed for connecting the transparent electrodes 115 b and the aluminum electrodes 115 c. In this region, as shown in FIG. 6, the overcoat layer 116 a, the alignment film 117 a, the overcoat layer 116 b and the alignment film 117 b are not formed in the portion where the sealing material is provided. Therefore, by assembling the liquid crystal panel 101 with the sealing material 112, the transparent electrodes 115 b are electrically connected to the aluminum electrodes 115 c through the sealing conductor 112 a contained in the sealing material 112.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7(a), the predetermined bumps 122 a of the liquid crystal driving IC 122, which serve as the connections of the external circuit, are connected to the aluminum electrodes 115 a, the aluminum electrodes 115 c and the input terminals 118 through ACF 123. As shown in FIG. 7(a), the ACF 123 comprises conductive particles 123 a mixed in an adhesive resin so that the liquid crystal driving IC 122 and the substrate 111 a are bonded together with the adhesive resin by the thermal compression bonding method.

FIG. 7(a) is a sectional view showing the connections between the aluminum electrodes 15 a and the bumps 122 a. As shown in FIG. 7(a), the conductive particles 123 a of the ACF 123 cut into the aluminum electrodes 115 a to obtain a good connection state. In observation of the portions where the conductive particles 123 a cut into the aluminum electrodes 115 a from below in FIG. 7(a) through the transparent substrate 111 a, the portions are recognized as nicks or gouges. Like the aluminum electrodes 115 a, the conductive particles 123 a also cut into the aluminum electrodes 115 c and the input terminals 118 in the connections with the bumps 122 a. Like the aluminum electrodes 115 a, the nicks or gouges of the aluminum electrodes 115 c and the input terminals 118 can be observed through the substrate 111 a.

On the other hand, FIG. 7(b) shows the state wherein the heat or pressure supplied from the thermal compression bonding head is insufficient to fail to obtain the stable connection state. In the state shown in FIG. 7(b), the conductive particles 123 a do not cut into the bumps 122 a, and thus the above-described nicks or gouges are not observed. Therefore, in the manufacturing process, the aluminum terminals 115 a are observed through the substrate 111 a after the liquid crystal driving IC 122 is connected to the substrate 111 a so that a decision can be made as to whether or not the connection state of each connection portion is normal. The connection state of each of the connection portions between the aluminum electrodes 115 c and the input terminals and the bumps 122 a can also be decided by the same method as the above.

In the second embodiment, the conductive particles 123 a contained in the anisotropic conductive film are preferably made of a harder material than an aluminum film material used for connecting terminals.

In addition, the conductive particles are cut into an aluminum film of each of the connecting terminals, which is an opaque film, to permit observation of unevenness of the aluminum film, i.e., adhesion between the conductive particles 123 a and the aluminum film, from the side opposite to the side of the transparent substrate connected to the external circuit. It is thus possible to clearly determine the criteria for inspection, and thus manufacture a liquid crystal device having light reliability.

Embodiment of Electronic Apparatus

FIG. 8 shows a portable telephone as an electronic apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The portable telephone 200 shown in this figure comprises various components such as an antenna 201, a speaker 202, a liquid crystal device 210, a key switch 203, a microphone 204, etc., which are contained in an outer case 206 serving as a casing. The outer case 206 contains a control circuit board 207 provided therein and comprising a control circuit for controlling the operation of each of the components. The liquid crystal device 210 can be constructed by the liquid crystal device 100 shown in FIG. 1, or a liquid crystal device comprising the liquid crystal panel 101 shown in FIG. 4.

In the portable telephone 200, signals input through the key switch 203 and the microphone 204, received data received by the antenna 201, and the like are input to the control circuit of the control circuit board 207. The control circuit displays an image such as a figure, a character, a pattern, or the like in the display screen of the liquid crystal device 200 based on the input various data, and further transmits transmit data through the antenna 201.

Other Embodiment

Although the present invention is described above with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

For example, although the first and second embodiments relate to a simple matrix system liquid crystal device, the present invention can be applied to an active matrix system liquid crystal device.

Although, in the above embodiments, use of a liquid crystal display as an electrooptic device is described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be applied to a connection structure between an external circuit and any of various electrooptic panels such as a EL display device, a plasma display panel, a FED (field emission display), and the like.

Although, in the embodiment of the electronic apparatus, the present invention is applied to a portable telephone as an electronic apparatus, the liquid crystal device of the present invention can also be applied to any other electronic apparatus, for example, a personal digital assistant, an electronic notebook, a finder of a video camera, etc. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An electro-optical device comprising: a transparent substrate and a counter substrate which are opposed to each other and comprise electrodes formed on opposite surfaces thereof; an overhang portion provided on the transparent substrate to project outward relative to the counter substrate; connecting terminals formed on the overhang portion to be electrically connected to the electrodes; and a connection portion of an external circuit electrically connected to the connecting terminals through an anisotropic conductive film; wherein conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film cut into the connecting terminals to form nicks or gouges which are visible through the transparent substrate.
 2. An electrooptic device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting terminals are formed to a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 μm.
 3. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the penetration of the nicks or gouges is 0.01 μm or more.
 4. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting terminals proximate the nicks or gouges have a thickness of 0.5 μm or less.
 5. The electro-optical device according to claims 1, wherein the electro-optical device is a liquid crystal device.
 6. A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device including: a transparent substrate and a counter substrate which are opposed to each other and comprise electrodes formed on opposite surfaces thereof; an overhang portion provided on the transparent substrate to extend outward relative to the counter substrate; connecting terminals formed on the overhang portion to be electrically connected to the electrodes; and a connection portion of an external circuit electrically connected to the connecting terminals through an anisotropic conductive film; the method comprising: the step of heating the anisotropic conductive film and compression-bonding the connecting terminals and the connection portion of the external circuit together to electrically connect the connecting terminals and the connection portion of the external circuit and the step of determining the connection state between the connecting terminals and the external circuit based on the presence of nicks or gouges formed by conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film cutting into the connecting terminals which are visible through the transparent substrate.
 7. An electronic apparatus comprising an electro-optical device according to claim
 1. 8. An electro-optical device comprising: a substrate; connecting terminals disposed on a portion of said substrate; an external circuit; a plurality of conductive particles dispersed in an anisotropic conductive film connected between said external circuit and said connecting terminals; and nicks in said connecting terminals formed by said conductive particles which are visible through the transparent substrate.
 9. The electro-optical device of claim 8, wherein the connecting terminals further comprise aluminum.
 10. The electro-optical device of claim 8, wherein the connecting terminals are approximately 0.01 to 0.5 μm thick.
 11. The electro-optical device of claim 8, wherein the nicks penetrate about 0.01 μm or more into said connecting terminals.
 12. The electro-optical device of claim 8, wherein the conductive particles comprise a harder material than the connecting terminals.
 13. The electro-optical device of claim 8, wherein said substrate comprises a transparent material.
 14. A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device comprising: heating an anisotropic conductive film and compression-bonding a connection portion of an external circuit to connecting terminals of a first substrate; forming a plurality of nicks in said connecting terminals with a plurality of conductive particles dispersed in said anisotropic conductive film; and determining whether said external circuit is conductively connected to said substrate by observing said nicks through said first substrate.
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a depth of said nicks is equal to or greater than 0.01 μm.
 16. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having at least a portion which is transparent; a second substrate opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal enclosed between the first and second substrates; a terminal formed on the first substrate; an external circuit on which a wiring pattern is formed, the external circuit being bonded to the terminal; a conductive particle connecting the terminal to the wiring pattern; and a nick portion formed on the terminal from contact with said conductive particle, the nick portion being thinner than another portion of the terminal such that the nick portion is observable through the first substrate.
 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the conductive particle comprises a material that is harder than the terminal.
 18. The device of claim 16, further comprising an adhesive resin that bonds the external circuit to the first substrate.
 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the conductive particle is mixed into the adhesive resin.
 20. The device of claim 16, further comprising: a reflective layer formed on the first substrate for reflecting external light incident on the device; and wherein the terminal is arranged at an end portion of the reflective layer, the terminal being in substantially the same layer as the reflective layer.
 21. The device of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of conductive particles; and a plurality of nick portions, each of which corresponds to each of the conductive particles.
 22. The device of claim 16, wherein the nick portion of the terminal is transparent; and another portion other than the nick portion of the terminal is opaque.
 23. The device of claim 16, wherein the terminal comprises aluminum.
 24. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having at least a portion which is transparent; a second substrate opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal enclosed between the first and second substrates; a terminal formed on the first substrate; an external circuit on which a wiring pattern is formed, the external circuit being bonded to the terminal; and a conductive particle connecting the terminal to the wiring pattern, wherein the terminal includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a higher transparency than the second portion, and wherein the conductive particle is arranged on the first portion which is visible through the first substrate.
 25. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having at least a portion which is transparent; a second substrate opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal enclosed between the first and second substrates; a terminal formed on the first substrate; an IC on which a bump is formed, the IC being bonded to the terminal; a conductive particle connecting the terminal to the bump; and a nick portion formed on the terminal from contact with said conductive particle, the nick portion being thinner than another portion of the terminal such that the nick portion is observable through the first substrate.
 26. The device of claim 25, wherein the conductive particle comprises a material that is harder than the terminal.
 27. The device of claim 25, further comprising an adhesive resin that bonds the IC to the first substrate.
 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the conductive particle is mixed into the adhesive resin.
 29. The device of claim 25, further comprising: a reflective layer formed on the first substrate for reflecting external light incident on the device; and wherein the terminal is arranged at an end portion of the reflective layer, the terminal being in substantially the same layer as the reflective layer.
 30. The device of claim 25, further comprising a plurality of conductive particles; and a plurality of nick portions, each of which corresponds to each of the conductive particles.
 31. The device of claim 25, wherein the nick portion of the terminal is transparent and; another portion other than the nick portion of the terminal is opaque.
 32. The device of claim 25, wherein the terminal comprises aluminum.
 33. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having at least a portion which is transparent; a second substrate opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal enclosed between the first and second substrates; a terminal formed on the first substrate; an IC on which a bump is formed, the IC being bonded to the terminal; and a conductive particle connecting the terminal to the bump, wherein the terminal includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a higher transparency than the second portion, and wherein the conductive particle is arranged on the first portion which is visible through the first substrate.
 34. An electro-optical device comprising: a substrate; a terminal formed on the substrate; said terminal including a first portion and a second portion, the second portion being thicker than that of the first portion; an external circuit bonded to the terminal; and a conductive particle arranged on the first portion of the terminal for connecting the terminal to the external circuit, the first portion being visible and recognizable through the substrate. 